{"id":1194,"date":"2023-12-30T06:09:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-30T06:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1194"},"modified":"2024-02-08T03:41:28","modified_gmt":"2024-02-08T03:41:28","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1194","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-6-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>\u062f- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645-<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0648\u060c 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\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628- \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">&nbsp;<bdo lang=\"English\" dir=\"ltr\"><kbd>Arab broadcasters&nbsp; associated with the Arabic Unit of All India Radio<\/kbd><\/bdo><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">&nbsp;Dr. Mahmood Asim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">It is not possible to specify the names and write about all of the Indians and Arabs who provided their services in the Arabic section of the radio. The list is long and cannot be enumerated, but here we mention some of the most prominent contributors and those associated with the Arabic section of All India Radio, among the Arabs who played a prominent role and contributed significantly in the history of the Arabic section of radio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The Arabic section initially employed Arab broadcasters to improve its services in terms of content and language because the radio authorities were not confident that Indian broadcasters were able to present Arabic programs in the best way. The reason for this is that in ancient times, Indians were learning Arabic for religious motives to understand the Qur\u2019an, Hadith, and Islamic jurisprudence, and they were not much interested in the modern Arabic language, written and spoken. The choice fell on Arab broadcasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">There is no doubt that those Arabs such as Mahmoud Sebaa, Essam Sadiq, Ahmed Lotfi Shalash, Noura and Fawzia Tawfiq, and finally Sami Hatto and others followed every doctrine in developing and raising the level of Arabic Section of All India radio. The majority of the Arab broadcasters were from the Arab Republic of Egypt due to the existence of friendly ties between the Indian and Egyptian peoples. These Arabs assumed the responsibilities of presenting Arabic programs in the best possible way and recorded various programs for Arab listeners, including talks on various topics, plays, stories, and so on. Here in this article we are going to shed light on few of them in details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>Key words:<\/strong>&nbsp; Arabic Journalism &#8211; India &#8211; Arab Broadcasters &#8211; All India Radio<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (All India Radio) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0640 \u0622\u0643\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a (Prasar Bharati). \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646 (Doordarshan). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 99% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a. \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 FM \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a) <a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 46 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (national channel) \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a 18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1988\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a 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\u0632\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2010\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 17- 18 &nbsp;\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2016\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648) \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Reference Cited<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" style=\"list-style-type:1\">\n<li>Al Nadwi, Al duktur Ayub Tajuddin: alsahafat al arabiyah fi al hind, nashatuha wa tatatawaruha,dar muhajir Jammu wakashmir, al tabeat al woolaa 1997<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al Nadwi, saeed al Rahman al azmi,: alsahafat al arabiyah nashatuha wa tatatawaruha, muasasat alsahafa wal nashr nadwat uelma, al tabeat al woolaa 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al Nadwi, Salimur Rahman khan,: alsahafat al&#8217;iislamiyah fi al hind tarikhuha tatatawaruha ,al majmae al ilmi al islami bi lucknow, tabeat al woolaa 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al Nadwi, Sarwar Alam, tatuwwur al sahafat al arabiyah fi al hind baed astiqlaliha, &#8216;utruhat al duktoorah, qism allughat al arabiyah, jamieat Aligarh al islamiyah, taht ishraf al burufisur abdul Bari, AMU &nbsp;2000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anis alnakadni, iieadat taeyin allughat alearabiat wa Adabiha mae alsahafat alearabiat fi al hinda, maqalat aldukturah, qism jadid waldirasat al arabiyah kuliyat mihrajas alhukumiati, jamiea mahatuma ghandi kerala taht al&#8217;ustadh bi muhamad, 2014<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al Faruqi, Alduktur ZubaIr ahmad: musahim dar aleulum diuband fi al&#8217;adab alearabii hataa eam 1980, dar alfaruqi dilhi aljadida<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al Faruqi, al duktur Jamaluddin: &#8216;iielam almualifin biallughat alearabiat fi jamie &#8216;anha&#8217; alhindi, markaz jameiat majid lilthaqafat waltarathi,altabeat al&#8217;uwlaa,2013<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al Amruhi, Mahmud Hasan Qaysar, almasdar alhindiu lileulum al&#8217;iislamiati, tarjamat wa&#8217;iinjazi: alduktur &#8216;uwrink zib al&#8217;aezami, dar alfikr dimashqa, altabeat al&#8217;uwlaa 2010<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al turath al earabi fi al hind (almajmueat aljadidatu), buhuth jadidat fi alnadwat almuneaqadat khilal 17- 18 febrayer 2016, almunazamat al&#8217;iislamiat liltarbiat waleulum (aysisku) waqism allugha al arabiyah bi aljamia al Millia al islamia new delhi &nbsp;wamajmae alfiqh al&#8217;iislamii (alhindu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mawqie al qism al earabi li idhaeat umum al hind<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mawqie brasar bharti allati tushrif ala al idhaeat umum al hind<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Majalat alqalamul hind be new delhi<strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a>\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/prasarbharati.gov.in\/AIR\/aboutair.php\">http:\/\/prasarbharati.gov.in\/AIR\/aboutair.php<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a>\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621.. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 22 \u0631\u062c\u0628 1432 \u0647\u0640 &#8211; 24 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011\u0645 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 15705<a href=\"file:\/\/\/E:\/Phd\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1..%20%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A!%20-%20%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6.html\">file:\/\/\/E:\/Phd\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1..%20%D8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[11]<a href=\"file:\/\/\/E:\/Phd\/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%B2%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B9..%20%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9.html\">file:\/\/\/E:\/Phd\/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%B2%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B9.<\/a> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0639..\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0641<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/politics\/2017\/04\/07\/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%20-\">https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/ar\/politics\/2017\/04\/07\/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9- &#8211;<\/a> \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a><em>\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/em> &#8220;\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627.. \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f&#8221;\u060c &nbsp;3 Mar. 2016\u060c https:\/\/www.alittihad.ae\/article\/8618\/2016\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a>\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u060c 9 Mar. 2009\u060c https:\/\/www.alittihad.ae\/article\/9133\/2009\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b : \u062f- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u06be\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06be\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u06be\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u06be\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u06be\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062b \u0648\u062c\u06be\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06be\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u06be\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u06cc\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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