{"id":1438,"date":"2024-06-26T06:23:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-26T06:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1438"},"modified":"2024-07-09T07:23:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T07:23:24","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1438","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-6-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-bd4a4edd54c0a603192f8950107c1385\"><strong>\u062f. \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>&#8211; (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp; -\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1971 \u060c \u0635\u060c3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635\u060c140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 168.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632: \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e)\u060c&nbsp; \u0635\u060c25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: \u062d\/ 118\u060c \u0635\u060c92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631&nbsp;: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1396 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0635\u060c82-83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a>&#8211;&nbsp; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 168.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635\u060c 276.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c82.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: \u062d\/254 \u060c \u0635\u060c 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c145.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c162.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1982\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635\u060c 249.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u00ab \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0633\u0646\u06291926\u00bb\u060c &nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1996\u060c \u0635.120.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> &nbsp;\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 121. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a:&#8221; \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0641- \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062e \u0623\u0634\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062e. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 &#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> &#8211;&nbsp; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:<sup> <\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0635\u060c118 \u2013 119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635\u060c 122.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631&nbsp;: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0635\u060c 127- 129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: &nbsp;\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" id=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" id=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref25\" id=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 42.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" id=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0635\u060c 25- 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" id=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a> -\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" id=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631&nbsp;: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref29\" id=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a>&#8211; George Hardy, Le probl\u00e8me scolaire au Maroc, conf\u00e9rence faite au cours de perfectionnement de Mekn\u00e8s, Casablanca, 1920, p.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref30\" id=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a> &#8211;&nbsp; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628&nbsp; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f 80- \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635\u060c176.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref31\" id=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a Hardy George : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref32\" id=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a> &#8211; George Hardy, op.cit, p.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref33\" id=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a> &#8211; Lucien Paye&nbsp;, Introduction et Evolution de l\u2019Enseignement moderne au Maroc, Imprimerie Arrissala, Rabat, 1992, &nbsp;p 193.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref34\" id=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635\u0635\u060c 89- 90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref35\" id=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:&nbsp; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1973 \u060c \u0635\u060c 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref36\" id=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631&nbsp;:&nbsp; \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u060c \u0635\u060c277.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref37\" id=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a> &#8211; Daniel Rivet , Lyautey et l\u2019institution du protectorat fran\u00e7aise au Maroc 1912 \u2013 1925, l\u2019Harmattan, Paris, 1988, T.1 &nbsp;, p. 245.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref38\" id=\"_edn38\">[38]<\/a> &#8211; Roger Gaudefroy Demombyn\u00e9s, L\u2019\u0153uvre fran\u00e7ais en mati\u00e8re d\u2019enseignement au Maroc, Librairie Orientaliste, 1928, p.43.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref39\" id=\"_edn39\">[39]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref40\" id=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a> &#8211; Paul Marty, Le Maroc de demain, Comit\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique Francaise, 1925, pp.13- 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref41\" id=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a> &#8211; George Hardy , op.cit, p.16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref42\" id=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:&nbsp; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref43\" id=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c374.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref44\" id=\"_edn44\">[44]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1978.\u0635\u060c 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref45\" id=\"_edn45\">[45]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c 40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref46\" id=\"_edn46\">[46]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 354 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 1- \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 2 \/ 1421\u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u0634\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2000\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref47\" id=\"_edn47\">[47]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:&nbsp; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u060c140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref48\" id=\"_edn48\">[48]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635\u060c 367.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref49\" id=\"_edn49\">[49]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631&nbsp;: \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646&nbsp; \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 98\/1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref50\" id=\"_edn50\">[50]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref51\" id=\"_edn51\">[51]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c &nbsp;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 25&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.habous.gov\">www.habous.gov<\/a>.ma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref52\" id=\"_edn52\">[52]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u064a\u0641 1985\u060c\u0635.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref53\" id=\"_edn53\">[53]<\/a> &#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c1999\u060c \u0635\u0635\u060c 120- 121.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632. \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628&nbsp; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f 80- \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a . \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c1997.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a . \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c1999.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: \u062d\/ 118.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a . \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1396 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u064a . \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645: \u062d\/254 .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0637 1\u060c 1971.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1978.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a . \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1973 .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u063a \u0633\u0646\u06291926\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1996.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0647\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 354 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 1- \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 2 \/ 1421\u0647\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u0634\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2000\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646&nbsp; \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 98\/1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u064a\u0641 1985.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c&nbsp; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 25:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.habous.gov.ma\">www.habous.gov.ma<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>George Hardy. Le Probl\u00e8me scolaire au Maroc, conf\u00e9rence faite au cours de perfectionnement de Mekn\u00e8s, Casablanca, 1920.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paul Marty. Le Maroc de demain, Comit\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique Fran\u00e7aise, 1925.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lucien&nbsp;Paye.&nbsp;Introduction et Evolution de l\u2019Enseignement moderne au Maroc, Imprimerie&nbsp; Arrissala, Rabat, 1992.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Daniel Rivet. Lyautey et l\u2019institution du protectorat fran\u00e7aise au Maroc 1912 \u2013 1925, l\u2019Harmattan, Paris, 1988, T.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roger Gaudefroy Demombyn\u00e9s. L\u2019\u0153uvre fran\u00e7ais en mati\u00e8re d\u2019enseignement au Maroc, Librairie Orientaliste, 1928.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>List of sources and references:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ahmed Ibn Al-Mawaz. Hujat almundhirin ala tantae almunkirina, Lithograph edition, Fez, (undated).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alkhimar Alami. Alkhitab hawl altaelim wastiratijiaat alsultati, astiratijiaat warihanat taelim alfatati,&nbsp;Publications of the Union 80- Book of Morocco, Rabat, 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Said Bensaid Al-Alawi. Alwataniat waltahdithiat fi almaghribi, majmueat dirasat hawl alfikr alwatanii wasayrurat altahdith fi almaghrib almueasiri, Markaz Dirasat Alwahdat Alearabiati,1997.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allal Al-Fassi. Alharakat alaistiqlaliat fi almaghrib alearabii, Muasasat Abd Alsalam Jasus, 1948 .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Muhamad&nbsp; Ashquraa. fi susyulujia alfikr almaghribi alhadithi, Press, Alnajah Aljadidati, Casablanca, 1999.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Al-Hajjawi. alnizam fi al&#8217;iislami, Public Treasury Manuscript , Rabat, No: H\/118.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Al-Hajjawi. Alfikr alsaami fi tarikh alfiqh al&#8217;iislamii, Al-Maktabah Al-Ilmiyyah, Medina, 1396, Section One, Part One.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Al-Hajjawi.&nbsp;Taqrir Tarikhi aen hal almaghrib baed alhimayati, Public Treasury Manuscript, Rabat, No: H\/254.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Al-Sulaymani. Allisan almuearab aen tahafut al&#8217;ajnabi hawl almaghriba, Al-Omnia Press, Rabat, 1st edition, 1971.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abdel Hadi Al-Sharaibi. &nbsp;Thaman alhuriyati , Morocco House for Translation and Publishing, Casablanca, 1978.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Abed Al-Jabri. Adwa&#8217; ala mushkil altaelim bialmaghribi , Moroccan Publishing House, Casablanca, 1973.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Maarouf al-Duffali. &nbsp;Usul alharakat alwataniat bayn alsalafiat almujadadat walsalafiat aljadidati, Amal magazine Publications, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad Al-Manouni. Layihat matalib wataniat mubakirat yuqadimuha ealim min fas &#8216;iilaa almuqim Stigh 1926, fi &#8216;aemal nadawat wamunazarat, wathayiq eahd alhimayati, rasd &#8216;uwli Fadala Press, Muhammadiyah, 1996.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muhammad &nbsp;Al-Ruki. Alwataniat wa&#8217;iinhad himam alshabab fi shier Allal Al-Fassi, Dawat Al-Haq Magazine, Issue No. 354, Jumada 1 &#8211; Jumada 2\/1421 AH, corresponding to August September 2000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diwan Alal Al-Fassi, Part 98\/1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allal Al-Fassi\u2019s Letters. Dar Al-Naya\u2019bah magazine, issue seven, second year, summer 1985.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>King Mohammed V of Morocco, Dawat al-Haq Magazine, Issue 25: www.habous.gov.ma.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8211; (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633) \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a 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