{"id":1604,"date":"2024-12-30T05:34:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T05:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1604"},"modified":"2025-02-06T04:26:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T04:26:05","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1604","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-4-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-6e2f0447340ec6df4ec84c6d682e9c79\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 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src=\"https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u063514_page-0001-1024x762.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u063514_page-0001-1024x762.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u063514_page-0001-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u063514_page-0001-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u063514_page-0001.jpg 1191w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&nbsp; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u060c \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627&nbsp; \u0648 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646&nbsp; \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629<\/strong><strong> \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\"><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0[1] \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635 15 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062e\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a -\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0635 45<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u06373 1997 \u0635 80<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635 37<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635259<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1993 \u0635 258<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0634\u0640\u0648\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0640\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0640\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0640\u064a\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0640\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 2018<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627 2015 \u0635 14<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0635 10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0635 18<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> G.Genette. figures III-ed. Seuil 1972.p 90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0635 127-128<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0635139<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maajim.com\/dictionary\/%d8%ba%d8%b4%d9%8a\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645: \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u063a\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (maajim.com)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabdict.com\/ar\/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (arabdict.com)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> G.Genette. figures III-ed. Seuil 1972 P 105<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0635 152-153<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0635 152<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0Wayne C. Boothe, The Rhetoric Of Fiction, ch 3, types of narration \u00a0NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction \u00a9 1968\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/publisher\/duke\">Duke University Press<\/a> P 149-161.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0635 222<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627 2015<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635 15 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062e\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a -\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u06373 1997<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1993<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maajim.com\/dictionary\/%d8%ba%d8%b4%d9%8a\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645: \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u063a\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (maajim.com)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabdict.com\/ar\/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (arabdict.com)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639-14_page-0001-1024x819.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639-14_page-0001-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639-14_page-0001-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639-14_page-0001-768x614.jpg 768w, https:\/\/allugah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639-14_page-0001.jpg 1241w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a 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\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 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