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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/em>\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Science Fiction and Postcolonial Discourse in the Novel <\/strong>Frankenstein in Baghdad<\/strong><\/em> by Ahmed Saadawi<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Abstract:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Science fiction is one of the literary genres studied by Western writers in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of human understanding.In fact, this form of literature was a response to the Western man, who discovered immense ambitions and aspirations in the advancements of the modern day, and desired to rule the entire world.Thus, this genre might be linked to Western colonialism, which was the product of Western excess.However, literature has played a significant role in this regard, alongside the independence of colonial countries and the emergence of anti-colonial ideas.As a committed literary genre, science fiction plays an important role.One of these science fiction works is “Frankenstein in Baghdad<\/em>,” written by Iraqi author Ahmad Saadawi during the American occupation of Iraq.As a result, despite its science fiction origins, it might have an anti-colonial message. The findings indicate that Al-Saadawi’s novel attempts to use parts of science fiction and its powers to suit post-colonial aims. In reality, in the formulation of science and imagination, Frankenstein’s novel reflects the occupation of Iraq and its ramifications and impacts on it politically, morally, economically, and socially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Keywords :Ahmad Saadawi ,Frankenstein in Baghdad<\/em> ,science fiction ,postcolonial literature ,Monster character.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u06cc 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a. “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 2008. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/em> \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0631. “\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.” \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 18\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635\u06359 – 24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f. \u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/em>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/em>. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 71\u060c 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631. “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629” <\/em>\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 39\u060c 2005\u060c. \u0635\u0635 28-34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631. “\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631. “\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631”\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 293\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635\u0635 11- 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627. “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. “\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.” \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 14\u060c 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. “\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644.” \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 390\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635\u0635 80-96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627. “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629.” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 71\u060c 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641. “\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.” \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 31\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10 \u064811\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635\u0635 45-49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f. “\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 607\u060c 1435 \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635\u0635212 – 223.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. “\u062a\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 ‘\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f’ \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 68\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645. \u0643\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u063a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646. \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f. “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0633. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0645\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\/ \u062d\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646. 1392\u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u067e\u0633\u0627\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/em>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1389 \u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627. “\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0633\u0627\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.” \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/em>\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644 7\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 13\u060c 1394 \u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. “\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631.” \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/em>\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 51\u060c 1378 \u0634. \u0635\u0635 146-153.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a. “\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u06cc.” \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u062d\u06cc. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/em>\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 53\u060c 1383 \u0634\u060c169-192.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632\u06cc\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1-Abdalkafor, Ola. “Frankenstein and Frankenstein in Baghdad: The Sovereign, Homo Sacer and Violence.” University of Essex<\/em>, vol. 13, no. 3, 2018, pp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2-Alhashmi, Rawad. “The Grotesque in Frankenstein in Baghdad:Between Humanity and Monstrosity.” International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, 2020, pp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3-Alkhayat, Marwa Essam Eldin Fahmy. “Gothic Politics in Ahmed Saadawi\u2019s Frankenstein in Baghdad.” Arab Studies Quarterly, 2013, pp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4-Jani, Bushra Juhi. “Violence as the Abject in Iraqi Literature: Ahmed Saadawi\u2019s Frankenstein in Baghdad and Mary Shelley\u2019s Frankenstein.” International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, vol. 1, no. 4, 2015, pp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5-Teggart, Hope. “Frankenstein in Baghdad: A Novel Way of Understanding the Iraq War and Its Aftermath.” International ResearchScape Journal, vol. 6, article 1, 2019, pp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Arabic Sources<\/strong>: <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n – Astayf, Abdel Nabi. “Science Fiction Between Literature and History: A Model from Contemporary American Literature.” A monthly scientific cultural magazine issued by the Ministry of Culture in the Syrian Arab Republic, no. 1, 2008. <\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ashcroft, Bill, et al. *Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts*. Translated by Ahmed Al-Ruby et al., National Center for Translation, Cairo, 1st ed., 2010. <\/p>\n\n\n\n – Al-Deyoub, Samar. “Science Fiction Literature Between Literariness and Scientificity.” *Jil Al-Dirasat Al-Adabiyya wa Al-Fikriyya*, no. 18, 2016, pp. 9\u201324. <\/p>\n\n\n\n – Douma, Khairy Mohamed Abdel Hamid. *Enemy of Departure: Season of Migration to the North and Postcolonial Theory*. Azmina Publishing House, Amman, 2010. <\/p>\n\n\n\n – Al-Sa\u2019dawi, Ahmed. *Frankenstein in Baghdad*. 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