{"id":1631,"date":"2025-06-30T16:38:24","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T16:38:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1631"},"modified":"2025-06-30T16:38:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T16:38:25","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b8%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=1631","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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The Impact of Shadowing and Repetition Techniques on Speech Fluency in Iranian Learners of AFL (Case Study: M.B Students of the University of Isfahan)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Farzaneh Haji Qasemi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speech fluency is a crucial aspect of effective communication, characterized by rapid speech, coherence, and minimal hesitation or linguistic challenges. It is heavily influenced by ongoing training in listening skills, which directly impacts speaking abilities. Despite its importance, speech fluency has not received sufficient attention in teaching Arabic to Iranian learners, many of whom struggle with pronunciation issues and slow speech rates. This study employed a quasi-experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of shadowing and repeating techniques in improving fluency and addressing pronunciation difficulties among undergraduate students at Isfahan University during the academic year 2024-2025. The sample included two groups experimental group, each comprising 12 students. Initially, a pre-test was conducted in which students recorded a one-minute audio clip introducing themselves. The first group then practiced the shadowing technique, in which participants repeated sentences they heard simultaneously. In contrast, the second group used the repeating technique, where participants repeated heard sentences several times after a brief pause. The educational sessions consisted of eight sessions based on four episodes of the “Moosti” cartoon series. The study utilized Praat<\/em> software for speech analysis and the Words Per Minute (WPM) method to assess speech rate and its components. Post-test results, derived from audio recordings of participants speaking in Arabic, indicated that the shadowing technique was more effective than the repeating technique in enhancing speech fluency. Based on these findings, the study recommends that instructors and students utilize the shadowing technique during teaching and listening skill training, especially for beginners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Arabic Learners, Speaking Skills, Fluency, Shadowing, Repetition<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2- \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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-\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645” (1989\u0645) \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u06402\/3\/4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644” \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a (1992\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640”\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627” (2010\u0645)  \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630. \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629” (2014\u0645) \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201d\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629” (2014\u0645) \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u06cc 28 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 19\u064822 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629” (2015\u0645) \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f”[xiv]<\/a> \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 (2019\u0645). \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627” (2021\u0645) \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645”[xv]<\/sup><\/a> (2023\u0645) \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 24 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629”[xvi]<\/a> (2023\u0645) \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 “\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (2020\u0645) \u0644\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a \u064a\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627[xvii]<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639[xviii]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u200c\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 – \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[i]<\/a> Speaking Competence<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ii]<\/a> Native Speakers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iii]<\/a> Non-native Speaker<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[iv]<\/a> Linguistic Competence<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[v]<\/a> Setter, Theories and Approaches in English Pronunciation, 2008, p: 447; Setter & Jenkins,Pronunciation, 2005, p: 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[vi]<\/a> Nunan, New Ways in Teaching Listening, 1995, p: 51<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[vii]<\/a> Language Learner<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[viii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 52<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[ix]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 51<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[x]<\/a> Shadowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xi]<\/a> Repetition<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xii]<\/a> Fluency<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xiii]<\/a> Intelligibility<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xiv]<\/a> Shadowing: What is it? How to use it. Where will it go?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xv]<\/a> Which is More Effective, Shadowing or Repeating?   Factors Involved in Learners\u2019 Performance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xvi]<\/a> Using the Shadowing Technique in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xvii]<\/a> \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xviii]<\/a> Listening Skill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xix]<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0634\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 19\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635 91<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xx]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxi]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 17\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635169<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxii]<\/a> Speaking Skill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxiii]<\/a> Productive Skill<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxiv]<\/a> Communication<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxv]<\/a> Mental Process<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxvi]<\/a> Decoding<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxvii]<\/a> Rosyidi et al, Student\u2019s Perceptions on Using Shadowing Technique in Learning Speaking. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(11), 2020, p: 130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxviii]<\/a> \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.2012\u060c \u0635 96<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxix]<\/a> Speaking Fluency<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxx]<\/a> Oral Fluency<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxi]<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxii]<\/a> Lickely, Fluency and Disfluency, The Handbook of Speech Production, 2015, p: 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxiii]<\/a> Richards & Schmidt, Longman dictionary of applied linguistics. London: Longman. 2010, p: 222<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxiv]<\/a> Non-native Language<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxv]<\/a> Accuracy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxvi]<\/a> Brand & G\u00f6tz, Fluency versus accuracy in advanced spoken learner language: A multi-method approach. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics,<\/a> 2011, p: 255; Brumfit, 1984 quoted from Kellem, 2009: 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxvii]<\/a> Yang, Is Speaking Fluency Strand Necessary for the College Students to Develop in the EFL Class?, Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2014, p: 226<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxviii]<\/a> Speaking Fluency<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xxxix]<\/a> Communication<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xl]<\/a> Harmer, The Practice English Language Teaching, fourth edition, PEARSON. 2001, p: 142<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xli]<\/a> Pauses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xlii]<\/a> Brand & G\u00f6tz, Fluency versus accuracy in advanced spoken learner language: A multi-method approach. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 2011, p: 256; Wood, In search of fluency: What is it and how can we teach it?; The Canadian Modern Language Review, 57( 4), 2001, p: 574; Lennon, Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach. Language Learning, 40, 1990, p: 388-390<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xliii]<\/a> Fillmore, On Fluency. Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language Behavior, 1979, p: 93<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xliv]<\/a> Grammatical Errors<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xlv]<\/a> Dustin et al, Does a Speaking Task Affect Second Language Comprehensibility? The Modern Language Journal, 2015, pp: 82-83<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xlvi]<\/a> Albino, Improving Speaking Fluency in a Task-Based Language Teaching Approach: The Case of EFL Learners at PUNIV-Cazenga, SAGE, 2017, p: 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xlvii]<\/a> Nation, Improving speaking fluency. System 17(3), 1989, p: 377<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xlviii]<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[xlix]<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[l]<\/a> Bygate & Samuda, Integrative planning through the use of task repetition. 2005, p: 43<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[li]<\/a> Harmer, The Practice English Language Teaching, fourth edition, PEARSON. 2001, pp: 387-388<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lii]<\/a> Bozorgani & Kanani, Task Repetition on Accuracy and Fluency: EFL Learners Speaking Skill. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 6(2), 2017, p: 45<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[liii]<\/a> Bygate & Samuda, Integrative planning through the use of task repetition. 2005, p: 43<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[liv]<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lv]<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lvi]<\/a> Cognitive Activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lvii]<\/a> The Language Spoken<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lviii]<\/a> Mirroring Works<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lix]<\/a> Mimicry or Close Shadowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lx]<\/a> Hsieh et al, A Preliminary Study of Applying Shadowing Technique to English Intonation Instruction. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 11(2). 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxi]<\/a> Hamada, 2016a; Hamada, 2016b; Foote & McDonough, 2017 quoted from Hamada, 2019: 386-387<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxii]<\/a> Hamada, Shadowing: What Is It? How to Use It. Where Will It Go? RELC Journal, 50(3), 2019, p: 387<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxiii]<\/a> Lambert, Shadowing, Meta, 37(2), 1992, p: 266<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxiv]<\/a> Hamada, Shadowing: What Is It? How to Use It. Where Will It Go? RELC Journal, 50(3), 2019, p: 388<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxv]<\/a> Incoming Sound<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxvi]<\/a> On-line Task<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxvii]<\/a> Off-line Task<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxviii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 388<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxix]<\/a> Zajdler, Speech shadowing as a teaching technique in the CFL classroom. Lingua Posnaniensis, 62(1), 2020, p: 79<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxx]<\/a> Pauses in Speech<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxi]<\/a> Speech Production<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxii]<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c 2010: 131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxiii]<\/a> Inter-lexical Pauses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxiv]<\/a> Inter-sentence Pauses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxv]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 132-131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxvi]<\/a> \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[lxxvii]<\/a> Don &Lickely, I forgot what I was going to say: How memory affects fluency, Conference Paper. 2015, pp: 1-2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0634\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. “\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 19\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635. 89-123.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. “\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 17\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635. 169-183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47015.17.2.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Albino, Gabriel. “Improving Speaking Fluency in a Task-Based Language Teaching Approach: The Case of EFL Learners at PUNIV-Cazenga.” SAGE, 2017, pp. 1-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244017691077.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Shavtikova, Aurika., Chernova, Oxana., & Litvinov, Aleksandr. “Using the Shadowing Technique in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language.” Journal of Language Teaching and Research, vol. 14, no. 6, 2023, pp. 1476-1483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17507\/jltr.1406.05.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Bozorgian, Hossein., & Kanani, Seyyedeh Maryam. “Task Repetition on Accuracy and Fluency: EFL Learners Speaking Skill.” International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2017, pp. 42\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18488\/journal.23.2017.62.42.53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Brand, Christiane., & G\u00f6tz, Sandra. “Fluency versus accuracy in advanced spoken learner language: A multi-method approach.” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 2011, pp. 255-275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/IJCL.16.2.05BRA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Brown, Gillian. Listening to Spoken English. 2nd ed., Routledge, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Brumfit, Christopher. Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching: The Roles of Fluency and Accuracy. Cambridge UP, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.Bygate, Martin & Virginia Samuda. \u201cIntegrative planning through the use of task repetition.\u201d 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Don, Stephanie., & Lickley, Robin. “I Forgot What I Was Going to Say: How Memory Affects Fluency.” Conference Paper, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Dustin, Crowther., Pavel, Trofimovich., Talia, Isaacs., & Kazuya, Saito. “Does a Speaking Task Affect Second Language Comprehensibility?” The Modern Language Journal, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/MODL.12185.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Fillmore, Charles J. “On Fluency.” Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language Behavior, 1979, pp. 85-101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-255950-1.50012-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Foote, Jennifer Ann., & McDonough, Kim. “Using shadowing with mobile technology to improve L2 pronunciation.” Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017, pp. 34-56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/JSLP.3.1.02FOO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Gashan, Amani K., & Almohaisen, Fahad. “The Effect of Task Repetition on Fluency and Accuracy of EFL Saudi Female Learners\u2019 Oral Performance.” Advances in Language and Literary Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, 2014, pp. 36-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Hamada, Yo. “Shadowing: Who benefits and how? Uncovering a booming EFL teaching technique for listening comprehension.” Language Teaching Research, vol. 20, no. 1, 2016a, pp. 35-52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362168815597504.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Hamada, Yo. Teaching EFL Learners Shadowing for Listening: Developing Learners\u2019 Bottom-Up Skills. Routledge, 2016b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. Hamada, Yo. “Shadowing: What Is It? How to Use It. Where Will It Go?” RELC Journal, vol. 50, no. 3, 2019, pp. 386-393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033688218771380.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. Hamada, Yo. “Shadowing Procedures in Teaching and Their Future.” The Language Teacher Online, 2021, pp. 32-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37546\/JALTTLT45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching. 4th ed., PEARSON, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. Hsieh, Jasper Kun-Ting., Dong, Da Hui., & Wang, Li Yi. “A Preliminary Study of Applying Shadowing Technique to English Intonation Instruction.” Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, vol. 11, no. 2, 2013, pp. 43-66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. Kellem, Harlan. “Principles for Developing Oral Fluency in the Classroom.” The Language Teacher, vol. 33, no. 1, 2009, pp. 9-11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. Lambert, Sylvie. “Shadowing.” Meta, vol. 37, no. 2, 1992, pp. 263-273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/003378ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. Lennon, Paul. “Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach.” Language Learning, vol. 40, 1990, pp. 387-412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00669.x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. Lickley, Robin. “Fluency and Disfluency.” The Handbook of Speech Production, 2015, pp. 445-469.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. Nation, Paul. Improving speaking fluency. System. Vol. 17, no. 3,<\/a> 1989, pp. 377-384.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24. Nunan, David. New Ways in Teaching Listening. The Journal of Tesol France, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25. Richards, Jack. C., Platt, John, & Weber, Heidi. Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. Longman, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26. Rosyidi, Ahmad Zuhri., Paris, Atika Salman, & Masyudi, Masyudi. “Student\u2019s Perceptions on Using Shadowing Technique in Learning Speaking.” International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, vol. 5, no. 11, 2022, pp. 129-134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47814\/ijssrr.v5i11.634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27. Setter, Jane., & Jenkins, Jennifer. “Pronunciation.” Language Teaching, 2005, pp. 1-17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28. Setter, Jane. “Theories and Approaches in English Pronunciation.” Language Teaching, 2008, pp. 447-457.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. Win, Pwint Yee. “An Investigation of the Shadowing Technique in Teaching Speaking to English as a Foreign Language Students.” The British Council, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30. Wood, David. “In Search of Fluency: What Is It and How Can We Teach It?” The Canadian Modern Language Review, vol. 57, no. 4, 2001, pp. 573-589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/cmlr.57.4.573.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31. Yang, Yingjie. I. J. “Is Speaking Fluency Strand Necessary for the College Students to Develop in the EFL Class?” Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2014, pp. 225-231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4304\/TPLS.4.2.225-231.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32. Yoko, Mori. “Which is Effective Shadowing or Repeating? Factors Involved in Learners’ Performance.” JACET Journal, 2023, pp. 83-106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

33. Zajdler, Ewa. “Speech Shadowing as a Teaching Technique in the CFL Classroom.” Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. 62, no. 1, 2020, pp. 77-88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/LINPO-2020-0005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. www.almaany.com\/ar\/dict\/ar-ar<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    List of Sources and References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Abu al-Adous, Yousif. Al-Mahar\u0101t al-Lughawiya wa-Fan al-Ilq\u0101’. Dar Al-Maseera, 2010.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Abu Amsha, Hussain. “Tadr\u012bs Maharat al-Istima’ lil-N\u0101tiq\u012bn bighayrih\u0101: Al-Ahammiyah wa-Al-Su’ub\u0101t wa-Al-Hul\u016bl.” Majallat al-Mujamma’ al-Jaz\u0101’ir\u012b lil-Lugha al-‘Arabiyya, majallad 19, ‘adad 2, 2023, pp. 89-123.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Al-Hawamdeh, Mohammad, and Al-Khawamdeh, Mohammad. “Istr\u0101t\u012bjiyy\u0101t al-Wa’\u012b ma Wara’ al-Ma’rif\u012b al-Akthar Istikhd\u0101man f\u012b Fahm al-Masm\u016b’ lad\u0101 Muta’allim\u012b al-Lugha al-‘Arabiyya al-N\u0101tiq\u012bn bighayrih\u0101.” Al-Majalla al-Urduniyya f\u012b al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Tarbawiyya, majallad 17, ‘adad 2, 2020, pp. 169-183.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Shehata, Hasan, and Al-Samman, Marwan. Al-Marji’ f\u012b Ta’l\u012bm al-Lugha al-‘Arabiyya wa-Ta’allumih\u0101. T2, Maktabat al-D\u0101r al-‘Arabiyya lil-Kit\u0101b, 2012.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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