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\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635 \u2013 67.<\/li><li>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f 1941\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 (\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0633) \u0648(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0631) \u0648(\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f)<\/li><li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c 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\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635 \u2013 86.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0635 \u2013 81.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0635 &#8211; 99.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%28%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%29\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/a>&nbsp;\u0647\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>&nbsp;\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>.&nbsp;\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1936 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 1952.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2008\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li><li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1999\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/li><li>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1415 \u0647\u0640 &#8211; 1994\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c 2001\u0645.<\/li><li>Naguib Mahfouz \u2013 The Pursuit of Meaning, Rasheed El-Enany, Routledge, London, 1993.<\/li><li>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c 1996\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 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