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[ix]<\/a> \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.[x]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a” \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629. [xi]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a : \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.[xii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0647\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649. \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0648\u0636 “\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d” \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a “\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646” [xiii]<\/a> \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646. [xiv]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629” \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.[xv]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628” \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.[xvi]<\/a> \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f.[xvii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a (\u0661\u0669\u0663\u0662- \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661) \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f “\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646” \u0648 “\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0640\u0647” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627”. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c “\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0633” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634” (\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0666)\u060c \u0648 “\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648 \u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641” (\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0668)\u060c \u0648”\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0631” (\u0661\u0669\u0668\u0667) \u060c \u0648”\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0633 400 \u0628\u0634\u064e\u0640\u0631\u0637\u0629” (\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0664).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634<\/strong> : \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/strong>: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0640\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 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\u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648 \u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u200f”<\/a>[xxiv]<\/a>. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n [i]<\/sup><\/a>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 : \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 : \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 4\u060c \u0635 \u0661\u0668.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [ii]<\/sup><\/a>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u063533. <\/p>\n\n\n\n [iii]<\/sup><\/a> Ferguson, Charles A. “The Arabic Koine.” Language 35, no. 4 (1959): 616-30. doi:10.2307\/410601.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [iv]<\/sup><\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0635 \u0661\u0664<\/p>\n\n\n\n [v]<\/sup><\/a> Rogers, E. T. “Dialects of Colloquial Arabic.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 11, no. 3 (1879): 365-79. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25196834.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [vi]<\/sup><\/a>Cachia, P. J. E. “The Use of the Colloquial in Modern Arabic Literature.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 87, no. 1 (1967): 12-22. doi:10.2307\/596590<\/p>\n\n\n\n [vii]<\/sup><\/a> M. H. ‘Abd Al-Raziq. “Arabic Literature Since the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 2, no. 2 (1922): 249-65. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/607761.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [viii]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n\n\n\n [ix]<\/sup><\/a>Cachia, P. J. E. “The Use of the Colloquial in Modern Arabic Literature.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 87, no. 1 (1967): 12-22. doi:10.2307\/596590.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [x]<\/sup><\/a>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635 147<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xi]<\/sup><\/a>http:\/\/www.ahram.org.eg\/Archive\/1999\/7\/28\/AMOD5.HTM<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xii]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.ahram.org.eg\/Archive\/1999\/3\/23\/AMOD3.HTM<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xiii]<\/sup><\/a>Moussa-Mahmoud, Fatma.”Literature as a Unifying Influence in Modern Arab Culture.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies) 5, no. 1 (1978): 29-34. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/195032.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xiv]<\/sup><\/a> Gibb, H. A. R. “Studies in Contemporary Arabic Literature.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London 7, no. 1 (1933): 1-22. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/607599.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xv]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xvi]<\/sup><\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xvii]<\/sup><\/a>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0635 \u0662\u0667 <\/p>\n\n\n\n [xviii]<\/sup><\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0664\u0660\u0660 \u0628\u0634\u064e\u0640\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u0666<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xix]<\/sup><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 \u0667 <\/p>\n\n\n\n [xx]<\/sup><\/a>Aboelezz, Mariam. “The Politics of Pro-\u2018ammiyya Language Ideology in Egypt.” In The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change, edited by H\u00f8igilt Jacob and MejdellGunvor, 212-38. LEIDEN; BOSTON: Brill, 2017. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1163\/j.ctt1w76vkk.14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxi]<\/sup><\/a>\u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0635 \u0661\u0669\u0663 <\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxii]<\/sup><\/a>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxiii]<\/sup><\/a>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>[xxiv]<\/sup><\/a>http:\/\/www.ahram.org.eg\/Archive\/2002\/5\/7\/AMOD2.HTM<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\/\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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