{"id":693,"date":"2021-12-29T16:23:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-29T16:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=693"},"modified":"2022-07-18T16:26:48","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T16:26:48","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%b2%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=693","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-6-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>\u062f. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1892-1955\u0645) \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 &#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648&#8221;. &nbsp;\u0641\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0630\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><u>Abstract:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi (1892- 1955) was one of the pioneer Egyptian poets in modern period. He was established \u201cApollo\u201d group and \u201cApollo Magazine\u201d. This group and this magazine has been created a new renaissance and movement in the field of Arabic poetry. He was a pioneer person in free thinking and His life was filled with literary and poetic activities which has influenced on formation of his personality. He has wrote several books and collections of poetry. On this reason he has been considered as a most contributor to the field of poetry and literature. He was grew up in a literary family and in a literary atmosphere. And he had deep relationship with various schools of poetry in his time and with Mahjar literature, English and American literature and western poets. All these elements has helped him in formation of his poetic genius. He wrote on various ancient and modern themes and innovated various types of poetry with rhymes and prosodies. For this reason his verses and poems bears a special and unique characteristics. In this article, we shell try to present the various poetic dimensions of Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1892-1955\u0645) \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631. \u0641\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0646\u06291892\u0645\/1309\u0647\u0640 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631.<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1867-1934\u0645) \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<a href=\"#_edn2\" id=\"_ednref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 (\u062a-1899\u0645).<a href=\"#_edn3\" id=\"_ednref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> &nbsp;\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629. 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621.<a href=\"#_edn25\" id=\"_ednref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0651\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 (1910)\u060c 2. \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 (1924)\u060c 3. \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a (1924)\u060c.4. \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 (1925)\u060c 5. \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 01925)\u060c 6. \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f (1926)\u060c 7. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u064a (1927)\u060c 8. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1928)\u060c 9. \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 (1931)\u060c &nbsp;10. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 (1932)\u060c 11. \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 (1933)\u060c 12. \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1933)\u060c 13.\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0639 (1934)\u060c 14. \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0628 (1934)\u060c 15. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (1934)\u060c 16. \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 (1935)\u060c&nbsp; 17. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0628 (1935)\u060c&nbsp; 18. \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a (1942)\u060c&nbsp; 19. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 (1949)\u060c 20. \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 (1953)\u060c&nbsp; 21. \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 (1953)\u060c 22. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (1985)\u060c 23. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 (1988)\u060c 24. \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637)\u060c 25. \u0623\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0633 (\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637)\u060c 26. \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0629\u060c &nbsp;27. \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0649: 1. \u0645\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c 2. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c 3. \u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 4. \u0645\u0641\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c&nbsp; 5. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0643. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649: 1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0646\u0647\u060c 2. \u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u060c 3. \u0623\u0632\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c 4 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 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class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1872-1949\u0645) \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 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class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\" start=\"3\"><li><strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a (1868-1932\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (1871-1932\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064a (1890-1949\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a (1886-1958\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f 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start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651 \u0641\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1955\u0645. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064a (1890-1949\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a (1886-1958\u0645). \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1921\u0645.<a href=\"#_edn29\" id=\"_ednref29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a) \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 (\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f). \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629. &nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221;:<a href=\"#_edn30\" id=\"_ednref30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0649 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 (<\/strong><strong>Libre Verse<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#_edn31\" id=\"_ednref31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a>\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0628 (1926-1964\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 (1923-2006\u0645). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0631(1351\u0647\u0640\/1932\u0645-1401\u0647\u0640\/1981\u0645) \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<a href=\"#_edn32\" id=\"_ednref32\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a>\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651. \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651. \u0641\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 &#8221; \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641&#8221; \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<a href=\"#_edn33\" id=\"_ednref33\"><strong><sup><strong><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0636\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; \u0641\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 (<\/strong><strong>Blank Verse<\/strong><strong>): <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#_edn34\" id=\"_ednref34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a>\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645: \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646(1608-1674)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a (1770-1850\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (1809-1892\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a (1888-1965\u0645).\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627.\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a (1863-1936\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0623\u0646\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0628&#8221;:<a href=\"#_edn35\" id=\"_ednref35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0643\u0626\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\" start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 &#8221; \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0646. &#8221; \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221; <strong>:<a href=\"#_edn36\" id=\"_ednref36\"><sup><strong><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\" start=\"4\"><li><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<a href=\"#_edn37\" id=\"_ednref37\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0647\u0646\u0627 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u062a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0640 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\" start=\"5\"><li><strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0648 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id=\"_ednref45\"><sup><strong><sup>[45]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u062a\u064a &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 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class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 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\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0633\u0646\u0629 1420 \u0647\u0640- 2000\u0645.<br>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\/2\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2003\u060c<\/li><li>\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\/2\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\/1\u060c 1999-2000\u0645\u060c<\/li><li>\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliography:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Ahmed Abdel-Maqsoud Haykal, Thathawwuru al -adab -al- hadees fie Misr.<\/li><li>Abu Shadi, Ahmad Zaki. Diwan Shiar al wujdan. 1925.<\/li><li>Al- Jaburi, Kamil Salman. Mu`jam al- Udaba. Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al- `Ilmiyah, 2003.<\/li><li>Al- Jundi, Anwar. Ahmad Zaki. Egypt: Al- Muassasah al- Misriyah al- `Ammah.<\/li><li>Al- Dasuki, Dr. Abdul Aziz. Jama`atu Abello wa Asruhu fi al- Sh`er al Hadith. Egypt: Al- Haiatul `Ammah li- Qusur al Thaqafah, 2000.<\/li><li>&nbsp;&nbsp;Haikal, Ahmad Abdul Maqsud. Tatawwor al- Adab al- Hadith Fi Misr. Egypt: Dar al Ma`arif, 1994.<\/li><li>Kabbish, Ahmad. Tarikh al Sh`er al- Arabi al- hadith. Beirut: Dar al- Zel.<\/li><li>Daif, Dr. Shawqi. Al- Adab al- `Arabi al- Mu`asir fi Misr. Cairo: Dar al- Ma`arif.<\/li><li>Al- Dasuki, Umar. Fil Adab al- Hadith. Dar al- Fikr al- Arabi, 2000.<\/li><li>Mandur, Dr. Muhammad. Al- Sh`er al- Misri Ba`da Shawqi. Egypt: Nahda Misr. 1993.<\/li><li>Al- Shazuli, Dr. Abdus Salam. Tajrabah al-&nbsp; Madinah fi al- Sh`er al- Arabi al- Mu`asir. Cairo: Al- Haiah al- Misriyah al- Ammah Lil Kitab, 2006.<\/li><li>Maruf al Rusafi, Diwan. Lebanon: Dar al Muntazir, 1999- 2000.<\/li><li>Isma`il, Dr. `Izz Uddin. Al- Adab wa Fununuhu. Cairo: Dar al- Fikr al Adabi.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\"><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] . \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1424\u0647\u0640\/ 2003\u0645\u060c \u0635 150\u061b&nbsp; \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0635 236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> .\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0635 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> . \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627. \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640\/2000\u0645\u060c \u0635254)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0635 146<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> . \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0637\/6\u060c 1994\u0645\u060c \u0635 299<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> . &#8220;\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u201c\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> . \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 236&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 150-151<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> . \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062b (1858-1940\u0645): \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651. (\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0635 511)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> . \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: &nbsp;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0635 146\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 140-141<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 150-151<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a>. \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a>. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635 236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a>. \u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a (1792-1822\u0645): \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a>. \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0633 (1795-1921\u0645): \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651. (\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 482)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a>. \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 146<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062c\/2\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1420 \u0647\u0640- 2000\u0645\u060c&nbsp; \u063570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> . &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648&#8221;\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1892-1955\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a>. &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648&#8221; : \u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1932\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> . \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 239<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 141<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a>. \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 293<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" id=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 151<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" id=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a>. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 299\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 147<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref25\" id=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2003\u0645\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635 10\u061b&nbsp; \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" id=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 142-143<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" id=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\/1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 151<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" id=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 1925\u0645\u060c \u0635 68<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref29\" id=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a> . \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 223<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref30\" id=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\/2\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\/1\u060c 1999-2000\u0645\u060c \u0635269<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref31\" id=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a> . \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062f. \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1986\u0645\u060c \u063537\u061b \u0625\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0637\/7\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635 105<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref32\" id=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a> . \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\/3\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\/1\u060c&nbsp; 1424\u0647\u0640\/2003\u0645\u060c \u0635 216<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref33\" id=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a> . \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 241<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref34\" id=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c &nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062c\/2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c&nbsp; \u0635 318\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0637\/1\u060c 1423\u0647\u0640\/2002\u0645\u060c \u0635127<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref35\" id=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a> .\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\/2\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 1032<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref36\" id=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a> . \u0625\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1800-1970\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0637\/7\u060c 1976\u0645\u060c \u0635 167\u061b&nbsp; \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1933\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06351180<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref37\" id=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1932\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 253-254<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref38\" id=\"_edn38\">[38]<\/a> . \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c&nbsp; \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1933\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 900<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref39\" id=\"_edn39\">[39]<\/a> . \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 238<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref40\" id=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a> . \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635 27<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref41\" id=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a>.&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. (\u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 238)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref42\" id=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a>. \u0642\u0628\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 253\u061b \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 364\u061b \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644: &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1927\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: &#8220;\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref43\" id=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a> . \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1933\u0645\u060c \u0635 27<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref44\" id=\"_edn44\">[44]<\/a> . \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0635 81-82<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref45\" id=\"_edn45\">[45]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 120<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref46\" id=\"_edn46\">[46]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 28<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref47\" id=\"_edn47\">[47]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref48\" id=\"_edn48\">[48]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 241<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref49\" id=\"_edn49\">[49]<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u063561<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref50\" id=\"_edn50\">[50]<\/a> . \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063514<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: &nbsp;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1892-1955\u0645) \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 &#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648&#8221;. &nbsp;\u0641\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-23"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"bdpp-medium":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629","author_link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?author=1"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u062f. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: &nbsp;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a (1892-1955\u0645) \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648&#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 &#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648&#8221;. &nbsp;\u0641\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=693"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":694,"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/693\/revisions\/694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}