{"id":739,"date":"2022-06-29T05:37:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T05:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=739"},"modified":"2022-07-26T05:44:36","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T05:44:36","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%91%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=739","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p 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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>THE ISLAMIC MISSION IN CONFRONTING THE COUNTER FORCES In THE NOVEL (GIANTS OF THE NORTH) BY DR. NAJIB AL-KILANI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dr Hamid Mahmud Ibrahim And &nbsp;Dr. Muritala imam Akeyede<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Summary:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This paper aims to discuss the Islamic mission in confronting the counter forces that exist in the novel of the giants of the North by Dr. Najeeb Al-Kilani. Through this novel, the writer depicted the real historical facts that exist in Nigeria, which is considered the giant of African countries, this paper therefore, searches for this historical facts depicted in the novel, using the historical and descriptive methods to analyze those historical facts found in the novel, in order to make it easier for the two researchers they presented these following questions: Who is Najeeb Al-Kilani and his characters in writing Arabic novels and Islamic stories? What is meant by the giants of the north in that novel? What is the content of that novel? What is the Islamic mission mentioned by the writer in that novel? And what are the anti-Islam movements in that novel, and the paper will discuss all these questions through the following topics; A brief introduction to Dr. Najeeb Al-Kilani, summary of the novel, the Muslim preacher in the view of the counter forces, the destructive movements and conclusion and references<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Keywords: Mission, &nbsp;Islamic , forces , counter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 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\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 7 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1955 \u0645, <strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 40 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4- \u0640\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u06451415 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong> 1995 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 . \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f , \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629, \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 , \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627 , \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647, \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647, \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627, \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0634\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5- \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1956\">1956\u0645<\/a>&nbsp;\u062f\u0634\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1957\">1957\u0645<\/a>&nbsp;\u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1959\">1959\u0645<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1960\">1960<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c<\/li><li>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a>&nbsp;\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1961\">1961\u0645<\/a><\/li><li>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629<\/a> \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0626\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<\/a>&nbsp;\u060c<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a>&nbsp;\u060c<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/a>&nbsp;\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7\">\u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u060c&nbsp; \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0628. <strong><\/strong><\/li><li>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84\">\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A\">\u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a<\/a>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644) <strong>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> (\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;.(Giant of Africa)\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1960) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 , \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 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\u0625\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a , \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\/1\u060c 1985 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 .<ol><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a ,. <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\">https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a<strong><u>\u060c<\/u><\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c 2007\u0645\u060c.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0637 : 3 , 1978 , \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c&nbsp; \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f \u0640 \u062a .<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064f \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 , &nbsp;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0637\/2.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 , \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 , \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\/ 3, &nbsp;1995<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c&nbsp; 1987 .<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c&nbsp; 1992.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a , \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a&nbsp;\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1995.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a&nbsp; \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 , \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0631&nbsp; &nbsp;2001 .<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c&nbsp; \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\/8\u060c 1984.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>List of sources and references:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Najeeb Al-Kilani, Glimpses of My Life, Al-Resala Foundation, Lebanon &#8211; Beirut, first edition, 1985, Volume one.<\/li><li>Abdul Basit Salama Abdul Basit Sibai, the historical novel by Najeeb Al-Kilani. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/li><li>Hamid Mahmud Ibrahim, The Islamic Attitude in the Novels of Najeeb Al-Kilani, Master&#8217;s Thesis, Islamic Univerity, Jamahiriyatul uthma, Libya, 2007 .<\/li><li>Adam Abdullah Al-Al-Ilory, Islam in Nigeria and Sheikh Uthman bin Fodiyo Al-Falani, third edition, 1978.<\/li><li>Abdul-Fattah Makar Al-Ghunaimi, The Islamic Tide Movement in Western Nigeria, Nahdat Al-Sharq Library, Cairo \u2013 Egypt.<\/li><li>Ibn Manzur, Jamal-Deen Al-Ansary, Muhammad bin Makram, Lisan-Arab, Dar Sadir &#8211; Beirut, 2nd edition,<\/li><li>Muhammad Abul-Fathi Al-Bayanouni, The Introduction to the Science of Da\u2019wah, Volume 3, Al-Resala Foundation, Lebanon &#8211; Beirut, 1995.<\/li><li>Ahmad Ahmad Ghaluush, The Islamic Mission: Its Origins and Means, The International Book Company, Lebanon &#8211; Beirut, 1987.<\/li><li>Ibn Hajar Al-Asqolaani, Ahmad bin Ali bin Muhammad Al-Kinani, Fathul -Baari, Sharhu Sohihil -Bukhari, Salafi Press and Library, Cairo.<\/li><li>Hassan Mashood Al-Tuweer, The Call to God Almighty in the Light of the Book and the Sunnah, Dar Ibn Qutaiba, Lebanon, Beirut, 1992.<\/li><li>Abu Abdur-Rahman, Ahmad bin Shuaib bin Ali Al-Khurasaany, An-Nasa\u2019i, Sunan Al-Nasa\u2019i, Sharhu Imam As-Suyuti, Darul-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Lebanon &#8211; Beirut, 1995.<\/li><li>Abu Zakariya, Muhyi-Deen, Yahya bin Sharaf Al-Nawawi, Sahihu- Muslim, Sharhu Al-Nawawy, Al-Mukhtar Foundation, Cairo &#8211; Egypt 2001.<\/li><li>Naugib Al-Kilani, Giants of the North, Eight Edition, Daru-Nafais, Lebanon &#8211; Beirut, 1984-<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\/ \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a ,&nbsp; \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a( \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a , \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629&nbsp; , 1985) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>&#8211; https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a , \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c 2007\u0645\u060c \u0635: 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0640 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 , \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 , \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 . \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u062c : 25 , \u0635 : 610.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a , ( \u0637 : 3 , 1978 , \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e) \u0635 : 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0640 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648 , \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 , \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 , \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f . \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 , \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a&nbsp; ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0631 , \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 , \u062f \u0640 \u062a . ) \u0635 : 235<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 , \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 , \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u062c : 4 , \u0635 : 359.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 , \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 23 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 , \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 194.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u062f , \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a )&nbsp; \u0637 : 3 , \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a , \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 , 1995 .) \u0635 : 14 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 , \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0648\u0634 ( \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a , \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 , 1987 . ) \u0635 : 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 , \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 214.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a , \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u062c : 8 , \u0635 : 956.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 104.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 , \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (&nbsp; \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 , 1992.) \u0635 : 113 \u0640 118 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a , \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a ( \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a , \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 , 1995.) \u062c : 8&nbsp; , \u0635 : 81.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0640 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 , \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a&nbsp; ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0631&nbsp; , \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 , 2001 .) \u0645\u062c : 8 , \u0635 : 184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0640&nbsp; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 , \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a ( \u0637 : 8 ,&nbsp; \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 , 1984.) \u0635 : 6 \u0640 12 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" id=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 ,&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0635 : 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" id=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635 : 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" id=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0640 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 53 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" id=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0640\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 61<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" id=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 70 \u0640 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" id=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 . \u0635 : 73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" id=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 : 256<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" id=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 ,&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a ,&nbsp; \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 155 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" id=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0640 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644&nbsp; , \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a , \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 . \u0635 : 75.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" id=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0631 , \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 , 1992 . ) \u0635 : 21.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f, \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u062f. \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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