{"id":755,"date":"2022-06-29T06:04:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T06:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=755"},"modified":"2022-07-27T04:49:57","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T04:49:57","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%ab%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allugah.com\/?p=755","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>\u062f. \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648<\/strong>\u062a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0640\u0640<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/u><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Factors affecting the Arabic language in the Algerian media A study of reality and problems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Dr. zineb yakout<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Summary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In this study, we aim to reveal the factors affecting the Arabic language in the Algerian media, through the reality of this language, which knows several levels, including colloquial, standard, and middle Arabic, in addition to the presence of a hybrid language, which is a mixture between Arabic and other languages. We also aim to research the problems and factors that produced this reality, especially the factors related to the environment and the environment, such as the problem of linguistic interference, bilingualism, multilingualism, and the problem of Arabization. All these factors are pervaded by the Arabic language in the Algerian environment, which has been transmitted to the media. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Keywords: Environment, Arabic language, media, linguistic overlap, bilingualism, Arabization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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(\u062f. \u0646)\u060c 1962.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u060c 1976.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u06214\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1985.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2-3\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06331999.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 1978.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2010.<\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maktoobblog.com\/search?s=+%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1&amp;button=&amp;gsearch=2&amp;utm_source=related-search-blog-2011-04-04&amp;utm_medium=body-click&amp;utm_campaign=related-search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 1996.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 1968.<\/li><li>\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f03\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 2008.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f11\u060c \u0633\u0646\u06291983.&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u062e\u0631\u0634\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631(1830-1962)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2009.<\/li><li>\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1985.&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 1995.<\/li><li>\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006.<\/li><li>\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f1\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 1986.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1971.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 1968.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c 2003.<\/li><li>\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1847- 1654)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c 2006.<\/li><li>\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>List of sources and references<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>The Holy Quran<\/li><li>Abu Al-Lail Naguib, The French Press in Egypt, Cairo, (d. n), 1983.<\/li><li>Adeeb Marwa, History of the Arab Press, Beirut, (d. n), 1962.<\/li><li>Al-Hosari Sati\u2019, Public Standard Edition, Al-Lisan Al-Arabi Magazine, Volume 13, Arabization Coordination Office, Rabat, 1976.<\/li><li>Zubair Seif al-Islam, History of the Press in Algeria, Part 4, Algeria, National Book ndation, 1985.<\/li><li>Al-Sassi Ammar, The Overlap of Classical and Colloquial in Learning and Teaching Arabic, Journal of Languages, University of Algiers, Issue 2-3, March 1999.<\/li><li>Al-Samarrai Ibrahim, Comparative Philology, 2nd Edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Ilm for lions, 1978.<\/li><li>Al-Qasimi Ali, Linguistic Intervention and Language Transformation, Journal of guistic Practices, Experimental Issue, Algeria, 2010.<\/li><li>The National Charter, The Algerian Company for Publishing and Distribution, Algeria, 1996.<\/li><li>Ibn Manzur Jamal al-Din Muhammad bin Makram, Lisan al-Arab, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1968.<\/li><li>Bin Murad Ibrahim, Arab Media Production between Colloquial Dialect and Standard Arabic, Journal of the Arab States Broadcasting Union, No. 03, Tunis, 2008.<\/li><li>Turki Rabeh, Spotlight on the Policy of Arabization, Education, Administration and Social Affairs in Algeria, The Arab Future, No. 11, 1983.<\/li><li>Kharchi Saleh, Colonialism and the Politics of Assimilation in Algeria (1830-1962), Algeria, Dar Al Kasbah Publishing, 2009.<\/li><li>Hefri Abdel Hamid, Algerian TV: Reality and Prospects, Algeria, National Book Foundation, 1985.<\/li><li>Ramadan Abdel Tawab, Researches and Articles in Language, 3rd Edition, Cairo, Al-Khanji Library, 1995.<\/li><li>Zayed Fahd Khalil, Arabic between Arabization and Judaization, Yaffa Makin Publishing House, Lebanon, 2006.<\/li><li>Damashkea Afif, Arabic&#8217;s Response to the Transformations of the Age, Al-Adab Magazine, No. 1, January\/March, 1986.<\/li><li>Abbas Hassan, Language and Grammar, Dar Al Maaref, 2nd Edition, Egypt, 1971.<\/li><li>Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun, Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabeen, Volume 1, Cairo, Al-Khanji Library, 1968.<\/li><li>Mufdi Zakaria, History of the Arab Press in Algeria, (Investigated by: Ahmed Hamdi), Algeria, Mufdi Zakaria Foundation, 2003.<\/li><li>Nasser Muhammad Salih, Algerian Arab Newspapers (1847-1654), Algeria, Dar Alfa, 2006.<\/li><li>Nour Abdel Qader, Witness to the Birth of the Voice of Algeria, 1st Edition, Algeria, Algerian Radio Publications, 2006.<\/li><li>Andr\u00e9 Martinet, Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de linguistique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Armand colline, Paris, 1980.<\/li><li>Georges Mounin, Les probl\u00e8mes th\u00e9oriques de la traduction, Tel Gallimard, France,1963. &nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">1<\/a> &nbsp;-\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">2- <\/a>Georges Mounin, Les probl\u00e8mes th\u00e9oriques de la traduction, Tel Gallimard, France, 1963, pp1-6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">3<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">4<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c (\u062f. \u0646)\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">5<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u06214\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1985\u060c \u063545<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">6<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c (\u062f. \u0646)\u060c 1962\u060c \u0635395<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">7<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1847- 1654)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c 2006\u060c \u063511<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">8<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c 2003\u060c \u063535.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">9<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063569<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">10<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u060c 1976\u060c \u063531<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">11<\/a> \u2013 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062e\u0631\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631(1830-1962)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635291<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">12<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2006\u060c \u063533.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">13<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1985\u060c \u0635 54.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">14<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f03\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 2008\u060c \u063565.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">15<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 1995\u060c \u0635263.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">16<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 09.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">17<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 02 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">18<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">19<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; Andr\u00e9 Martinet, Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de linguistique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Armand colline, Paris, 1980, p148<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">20<\/a> Andr\u00e9 Martinet, Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de linguistique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Armand 10, P140.,1980-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">21<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 1968\u060c \u0635 \u0635162-163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">22<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 1978\u060c \u0635164.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" id=\"_edn23\">23<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f1\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 1986\u060c \u063582. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" id=\"_edn24\">24<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1971\u060c \u0635165. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref25\" id=\"_edn25\">25<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2-3\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06331999\u060c \u063539.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" id=\"_edn26\">26<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f11\u060c \u0633\u0646\u06291983\u060c\u063585.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" id=\"_edn27\">27<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 1996\u060c \u06356.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" id=\"_edn28\">28<\/a> &nbsp;&#8211; \u0641\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635 164.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0640\u0640 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0629 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